Pembuatan Papan Partikel (Particle Board) dari Tandan Kosong Sawit dengan Perekat Kulit Akasia dan Gambir

Abstract: The  need  of  wood  as  one  of  raw  materials  in  furniture  industry  keeps  increasing.  One  of efforts to reduce wood consumption is to develop research by creating composite design from material  that  contains  sellulose  to  be  particle  board.  Particle  board  is  one  of  material alternatives  that  can  be wood  substitute.  The  objective  of this  research is  to investigate  the effect of natural-adhesive-mixture composition (acacia bark and gambier) with oil-palm-empty bunch  toward  mechanical  property  of  particle  board.  Characterization  of  particle  board  was carried  out  by  undertaking  mechanical  property  testing  (tensile  strength  and  compressive strength)  under  wet  and  dry  conditions.  Composition  variations  of  adhesive  and  oil-palm-empty  bunch  were  30:70;  40:60;  50:50;  60:40;  70:30.  Making  process  of  particle  board  is carried  out  by  mixing  oil-palm-empty  bunch  and  adhesive  with  addition  of  2%  para-formaldehyde and water as much of 10%. Furthermore, the mixture is compressed by using Hot  Press  at  temperature  of  150oC  and  pressure  of  10  kg/cm2  for  15  minutes. The  research result indicates that the higher the adhesive composition (either adhesives of acacia bark or gambier), particle board resulted is better. In dry condition,  values of the tensile strength of particle  boards    that  have  acacia bark  adhesive and  gambier  adhesive  have  range  of  84.2  - 104 Kgf/cm2 and  83.4 -  81.5 kg/cm2, respectively. Whereas, values of compressive strength of  particle  boards  that  have  adhesives  of  acacia bark  and  gambier  are in  the  range  of  6.8  - 10.5  kg/cm²   and  6.3  -  9.3  kg/cm2,  respectively.  The  values  of  tensile  strength  and compressive  strength  are  obtained  on  compositions    of  adhesive:  oil-palm-empty  bunch  ≥ 40:60, and they have fulfilled satandard of SNI 03-2105-1996. The values of tensile strength and compressive strength of particle board in wet condition, either adhesives of acacia bark or gambier, have not fulfilled standard of SNI 03-2105-1996.  

Keywords: empty-bunch-oil palm, acacia bark, gambier, particle board, tensile strength

Penulis: Umi Fathanah, Sofyana         

Kode Jurnal: jpkimiadd130110

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